Burner for liquid fuels



Patented Aug. 1 2, 1941 BURNER roauoom roars I James L. Breese, Santa Fe, N. Men, assignor, by.

mesne assignments, to The Estate Stove Company, Hamilton, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio -Application'septemb er 16, 1938, Serial No. 230,165 6 Claims. (Cl. 158-91) My invention relates to an improvement in pilot means for fluid hydrocarbon burners. One purpose is the provision of means for providing a maximum turn-down for the so-calledpot type burner.

Another purpose is the provision of an im-'- proved baiile member which may be positioned so closely adjacent the bottom of a pot type burner as to provide the maintenance of an exceedingly low flame which may have a pilot function and be so low as to provide practically no heat delivery for the apparatus asa whole.

Another purpose is the provision of a pilot ring for pot type burners which shall be located lower than the lowest primary air inlet or inlets.

Otherpurposes willappear from time to time in the courseof the specification and claims.

I illustrate my invention more or less diagraminatically in the accompanying drawing where- Figure 1 is a vertical axial section;

Figure 21s a plan view of the bafiie element on an enlarged scale; and

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3 -3 of Figure 2 illustrating the baffle member associated with the walls and bottom of the pot of the pot type burner. v

Like parts are indicated 'by like symbols v throughout the specification. and drawing.

Referring to the drawing/l generally indicates the outer member 'or housing of a stove. 3- indicates, an intermediate partial closure or ring located within the member I and extending from side to side thereof. It is shown as provided with a central aperture 4 which may be partially closed by any suitable bailie 5. The space 6 above the batlle is that space in which the combustion takes place or in which flame is located when the burner is burning at high fuel capacity. 7

l is any suitable transverse closure at a level aperture 12a. The pot is .adapted for the socalled hydroxylation type of combustion. It is provided adjacent its upper edge with a plurality of secondary air apertures l4, preferably upwardly tilted. Below the secondary apertures I4 I provide a plurality of more sparsely scattered f and preferably smaller apertures l5 for admit-' lower than thering 3. It may be provided with a an aperture 8 which if desired may be closed by any suitable grill or foraminous element 9 whereby air is supplied to the space between the members 3 and l. I may for example provide a plurality of apertures 10 in the bottom of the memher i through which air is admitted to the forminous'plate Sand the space between the members 3 and l.

ll indicates a mixing chamber or pot herein. shown as having a downwardly tapered side wall terminating in a bottom l2. i3 is any suitable fuel supply pipe or member which delivers liquid fuel to the bottom of the pot as through the ploy any suitable number of these hoods but I ting the primary air supply. These apertures are preferably located in a plurality of levels whereby the intermediate portion of the pot II is more or less evenly provided with these primary air apertures. 'It will be understood that the air admitted to the space between the closures 3 and l flows in through thewall of the pot ll through the primary and secondary air apertures. I

Combustion is controlled in great part by controlling the flow of the liquid hydrocarbon through the line. The details of this control are not herein shown butl illustrate for example the hand valve i6. Any suitable automatic or semi-automatic control may be associated therewith or substituted therefor whereby combustion is varied or controlled by increasing or diminishing the rate bf flow of the liquid hydrocarbon along the line it to the bottom of the pot M.

ll illustrates a bafl'le member or ring provided with a central aperture it. This bailie is .preierably located in the pot III at a level lower than the lowest primary air apertures 15. When so located, it is desirable to provide, a minimum supply of air to the space below the baiiie ii. I may provide therefor one or more hoods or deflectors l9 to project upwardly above the level of the lowest primary air apertures I5, and mask some of said apertures and deflect the air delivered therethrough to the space below the baffie IL The primary purpose of the baiile is to permit a very low turn-down of the unit. I find it desirable to segregate as small a proportion of the cubic content of the pot. H as possible. A minimum supply of primary air, however, is necessary to maintain even pilot combustion and therefore I provide any suitable means for brin ing air from a-higher level downwardly into the space beneath the member l1. As an exampleoi such means I illustrate the hoods I9. I may em-' find it practical to employ sumcient hoods to take about half the air from the lowest row of primary apertures'lt. I deliver this air to the space below the bafl'ie ll.

In practice, the baille i'l functions to prevent eddy currents or down drafts of air or mixed air and gases from above the baflie II when the decombustion.

. which the unit does not operate efliciently.

vice is running at the pilot or low turn-down stage, Enough air is provided to maintain adequate and non-carbon forming combustion by means of the deflector action of the hoods l9.

. The batlie I1 is eflective to prevent down drafts or disturbance of combustion conditions below the battle and the result is a proper burning of the liquid hydrocarbon, without deposit of soot or free carbon, even though a very low flame is maintained and only a very small proportion of the cubic content of the pot H is involved.

It will be realized that whereas I have herewith shown and described a practical operative device, nevertheless many changes might be made in the size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit of the v toward the top of the pot and there receives the secondary air supply which maybe admitted through the apertures M, although it will be understood that the secondary air may be" supplied by other instrumentalities, for example it may be supplied above the top of the pot. The

' addition of secondary air produces the flnal mixture which burns. Combustion takes place normally above the'top of the pot and provides the heat for the stove or furnace unit.

Whether by natural draft or by any suitable fan or the like, not herein shown, sufilcient air is admitted for maintaining combustion at a rate sufficient to give the desired heat. Any suitable control means, thermostatic or otherwise, may

be employed for controlling the desired heat produced, for example by controllingthe position of the valve l0. 7

In the event that it is desired to .turn down the unit to a minimum heat, or to practically no heat, and to obtain a pilot light effect, the supply of fuel is reduced and combustion is correspondingly reduced. In the structure as shown in my Patent 1,702,929 there is a limit beoow r example, unless 'a sumcient rate of combustion is maintained, the secondary air tends to eddy back and circulate down into the primary combustion zone, with the result that the balance between the primary and secondary zones is destr'oyed and my mode of combustion is interrup'ted, resulting in inefllcient combustion and the deposit of carbon. The interposition of a baflie, such as is shown at H,- prevents this downdraft, and the primary mixing may be the lowest row of primary air apertures I5. I thus obtain a very small area, for the pilot combustion and supply to it a relatively'small volume of air. In the form of the device herein shown, for example, the hoods I9 are shown as intercepting the air from about half of the lowest row of primary air apertures I5. This decrease of the volume of air delivered to the pilot area beneath the baflle l'l therefore permits a smaller fuel consumption than would be possible with the baflle ll positioned above the lowest row of primary air apertures. The result is a highly efllcient pilot devicewhich maintainssuflicient combustion to launch full combustion in response merely to opening of the valve I8 and admitting a larger volume of liquid hydrocarbon to the bottom of the pot.

I claim':

1. In a mechanism for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a pot and means for delivering a liquid hydrocarbon to said pot, the walls of said pot being provided with a plurality of primary air inlet apertures located at various levels, and a cluding deflector means extending upwardly from and above the level of said baiile member and in communication with some of the primary air inlet apertures.

2. In a mechanism for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a pot and means for delivering a liquid hydrocarbon to the pot, the Walls of the pot being provided with a plurality of primary air inlet apertures located in general horizontal rows at various levels, and a baflie member located in the pot at a level below the lowest row of said primary air apertures, and means for delivering air from said lowest row of primaryair inlet apertures to the space beneath said baiiie member, including deflector means extending upwardly from and above the level of said baflie member.

3. In a mechanism for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a pot and meansfor delivering a liquid hydrocarbon to thepot, the walls of the pot being provided with a plurality of primary air inlet apertures located in general horizontal rows at various levels, and a battle member located in the pot at a level below the lowest row of said primary air apertures, and means for delivering carried on below the baiiie, the air admitted abovelthebafllell servingv as the secondary air or providing a flnal combustionwhich takes place on a reduced scale at or' just above the baflie I1.

.I flnd it desirable to provide a minimum chamber or cubic content below the baflle I1. I therefore position'the baiile [1 below the lowest .01 the primary air apertures l5. However, it is v desirable to bring air downwardly into the space below the baille I1 and therefore I take air from air from said lowest row of primary air inlet apertures to the space beneath said baflie member, including deflector means extending upwardly above the level ofsaid baflle member, said deilector means being unitary with the baflle memher.

4. In a mechanism for burning liquid.hydrocarbons, a pot and means for delivering a liquid hydrocarbon to said pot, the walls of said pot being provided with a plurality of primary air inlet apertures located at various levels, and a baiile member located in said pot at a level below the lowest of said primary air apertures, said baiile member including a plurality of spaced hoods extending upwardly therefrom into communication with a plurality of the lowest of the primary air apertures. l

5. In a mechanism for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a pot and means for delivering a liquid hydrocarbon to the lower portion of said pot, the

walls of said pot being provided with a plurality of primary air inlet apertures located at various levels, a centrally apertured baffle member lotions inclined upwardly and outwardly with re-' spect thereto and associated with certain-oi said primary air apertures for directing air downwardly and inwardly from some of said primary air apertures into the space beneath said baffle memher.

6. In a mechanism for "burning liquid hydrothrough the peripheral portionsthereof and into the space beneath said diameter such that it closely approaches the wall vof said pot to prevent downward passage of air currents around the periphery there0f,.said bafile member being provided adjacent its periphery with portions having an upward and outward in-" clination with respect thereto and in predeter mined relation with certain of said primary air apertures for directing air from some of said primary air apertures downwardly and inwardly bafile member.

. JAMES L. BREESE;

primary air apertures, the baflle memberhavinz a 

